Softwoods (conifers)
Araucaria
Hoop Pine (Aus.) Araucaria cunninghamii
Parana Pine (Brazil) Araucaria angustifolia
Pehuén or Chile Pine Araucaria araucana
Cedar (Cedrus); also applied to a number of woods from trees in the Cypress family mainly in North America, see Red Cedar, Whitecedar and Yellow-Cedar in Softwoods, and to woods from some relatives of the mahogany, see Spanish-cedar and Australian Red Cedar in Hardwoods.
Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
Bald Cypress or Southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
European Yew (Taxus baccata)
Fir (Abies)
Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
Silver Fir (Abies alba)
Noble Fir (Abies procera)
Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis)
Hemlock (Tsuga)
Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
Kaya (Torreya nucifera)
Larch (Larix)
European Larch (Larix decidua)
Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)
Tamarack Larch or Tamarack (Larix laricina)
Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)
Pine (Pinus; Many woods are incorrectly called "Pine". See Araucaria and Douglas-fir above)
Corsican pine (Pinus nigra)
Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta subsp latifolia)
Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)
Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
Red Pine (N.Am.) (Pinus resinosa)
Scots Pine, Red pine (UK), Red deal (UK), Redwood (UK, obsolete) (Pinus sylvestris)
White Pine in (N.Am.), Yellow or Weymouth pine (UK, obsolete)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Western White Pine (Pinus monticola)
Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana)
Southern Yellow pine (US)
Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)
Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
"Redcedar"
Eastern Redcedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
Western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
Rimu (New Zealand) (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Spruce (Picea)
Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
White Spruce (Picea glauca)
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
"Whitecedar"
Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)
Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
"Yellow-cedar" (Nootka Cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis, formerly Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)
Hardwoods (angiosperms)
Afzelia or Doussie (Afzelia africana)
Agba or Tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
Alder (Alnus)
Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
Red alder (Alnus rubra)
Applewood or crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
Ash (Fraxinus)
Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata)
Oregon ash (F. latifolia) [1]
Pumpkin ash (F. profunda) [1]
White ash (Fraxinus americana)
Aspen (Populus)
Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)
European aspen (Populus tremula)
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
Australian Red Cedar (Toona ciliata)
Ayan or Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
Basswood
American basswood (Tilia americana) [1]
White basswood (T. heterophylla) [1]
Beech (Fagus)
European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Birch (Betula)
American birches
Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
River birch (B. nigra)
Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis syn Betula lutea) - most common birch wood sold in N.Am.
European birches, also Baltic birch (N.Am.)
Silver birch (Betula pendula)
White Birch (Betula pubescens)
Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
Blackwood
Australian Blackwood also Tasmanian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
African Blackwood or Mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Bocote (Cordia alliodora)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxwood or Box (Buxus sempervirens)
Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
Bubinga (Guibourtia)
Buckeye (Aesculus)
Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava syn. Aesculus octandra)
Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
Carapa (or Andiroba, Carap, Crappo, Crabwood and Santa Maria) (Carapa guianensis) .
Catalpa (Catalpa)
Cherry (Prunus)
Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
Red cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica)
Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
"Brazilian Cherry" Not a Cherry See Jatoba below
Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
Cottonwood
Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii)
Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
Ebony (Diospyros)
Andaman marble-wood (India) (Diospyros kurzii)
Ebène marbre (Mauritius, E. Africa) (Diospyros melanida)
Gabon ebony, Black ebony, African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)
Elm
American elm (Ulmus americana)
English elm (Ulmus procera)
Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
Slippery or Red elm (Ulmus rubra)
Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus)
Lyptus
Karri (W. Australia) (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
Mahogany eucalyptus, (New South Wales) (Eucalyptus)
Ironbark Eucalyptus sideroxylon
Jarrah or West Australian eucalyptus (Eucalyptus marginata)
Tasmanian oak or Mountain ash, (Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus delegatensis)
River Red Gum
Blue Gum Eucalyptus saligna
Greenheart (Guyana) (Chlorocardium rodiei)
Grenadilla (Mpingo) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Gum
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
Redgum or Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica)
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Hickory (Carya)
Mockernut hickory (Carya alba)
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
Hornbeam (Carpinus species)
Hophornbeam, Eastern (Ostrya virginiana)
Ipê or Poui (Tabebuia)
Iroko (Milicia excelsa syn Chlorophora excelsa)
Ironwood refers to the wood of many tree species noted for the hardness of their wood. Trees commonly known as ironwoods include:
Bangkirai, also known as Balau.
Carpinus caroliniana — also known as American hornbeam
Casuarina equisetifolia — Common Ironwood from Australia
Choricbangarpia subargentea
Copaifera spp.
Eusideroxylon zwageri
Guajacum officinale and Guajacum sanctum — Lignum vitae
Hopea odorata
Ipe also known as Brazilian Walnut.
Krugiodendron ferreum — Black Ironwood
Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
Lyonothamnus lyonii (L. floribundus) — Catalina Ironwood
Mesua ferrea — also known as Rose Chestnut or Ceylon Ironwood, from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia
Olea spp. — various olive trees
Olneya tesota — Desert Ironwood
Ostrya virginiana — Hop hornbeam
Parrotia persica — Persian Ironwood
Tabebuia serratifolia — Yellow Lapacho
Hardwoods cont:
Jacarandá, Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra)
Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
Lacewood from the Sycamore(N.Am.) or Plane(UK) trees (Platanus species)
Laurel, California (Umbellularia californica)
Limba (Terminalia superba)
Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum)
Locust
Black locust or Yellow locust (Robinia pseudacacia)
Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Mahogany
Maple (Acer)
Hard Maple (N.Am.)
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
Black maple (Acer nigrum)
Soft Maple (N.Am.)
Manitoba maple (Acer negundo)
Red maple (Acer rubrum)
Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
European Maples
Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Meranti (Shorea spp.)
Merbau (Intsia bijuga)
Mpingo (Grenadilla) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Oak (Quercus)
American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
White oak (Quercus alba)
Post oak (Quercus stellata)
Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus or Q. Montana)
Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
English oak, also French and Slavonian oak barrels (Quercus robur and sometimes Quercus petraea)
Red oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
Red oak (Quercus rubra)
Black oak (Quercus velutina)
Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia))
Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
Water oak (Quercus nigra)
Willow oak {Quercus phellos)
Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana or Q. nuttallii)
"Tasmanian oak"; Not an oak see Eucalyptus above
Australian "Silky oak"; Not an oak see Silky Oak below
Obeche or Samba, Ayous, Arere, Wana, Abache (West Africa) (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
Okoumé or "Gaboon" (Aucoumea klaineana)
Olive (Olea europaea)
Oregon Myrtle or California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
Padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
Palisander (Dalbergia)
Pear (Pyrus communis)
Pernambuco is another name for Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
Poplar (Populus; in N.Am., wood sold as poplar is usually Yellow-poplar — see below)
Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
Black poplar (Populus nigra)
Hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis)
Yellow poplar or Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Ramin
Red cedar (Toona ciliata)
Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)
Sal (Shorea robusta)
Sandalwood (Santalum)
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
Southern Sassafras or Australian (Atherosperma moschatum)
Satinwood (Ceylon) (Chloroxylon swietenia)
Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta) - Sold as Lacewood in North America
Silver Wattle Acacia dealbata
Snakewood
Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Tambotie (Spirostachys africana)
Teak (Tectona grandis)
Walnut (Juglans)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Persian Walnut (Juglans regia)
Brazilian walnut; Not a walnut see Ipe above.
Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
Willow (Salix)
Black willow (Salix nigra)
Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Coerulea')
White willow (Salix alba)
Hardwoods (monocotyledons)
Bamboo
Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera) is 'new' wood source that is increasingly being used as an ecologically-sound alternative to endangered hardwoods.
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